Does Alcohol Affect Follicle Growth and Ovulation?

Follicles are small fluid-filled structures inside the ovaries that contain immature egg cells. After the menses period of the menstrual cycle, these follicles start to mature under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH [1].

At the time of ovulation, one of the mature follicles releases an egg while other follicles disintegrate. The sperm cell reaches this egg and fertilizes it to initiate pregnancy. However, different lifestyle factors can impact this process of follicle growth and ovulation.

Alcohol consumption is a major threat to female fertility and reduces their chances of conception [2]. In this article, we will explore how does alcohol affect follicle growth and what are other fertility issues related to alcohol abuse.

What Are Follicles?

Follicles are tiny sacs present in the ovaries that contain immature egg cells [1]. Each menstrual cycle, many of these follicles grow and mature, but only one releases an egg. The ovaries kill and absorb the remaining follicles while the released egg waits for the sperm cell for fertilization.

Follicle health and growth are essential aspects of female fertility since they nourish and mature the egg. Different lifestyle factors can impact follicle growth and lower the chances of conception.

The Effects of Alcohol on Follicle Growth

Alcohol abuse can impact the follicle growth in the following ways:

1. Hormonal Imbalance

Follicles require FSH and estrogen hormones as a trigger for their growth. Studies show that alcohol consumption can disturb hormonal levels including FSH and estrogen [3]. This can impact the follicle growth and egg maturation negatively.

2. Impact on Egg Quality

Alcohol can affect egg quality within follicles by reducing their ability to mature properly. A study published in the National Library of Medicine shows that chronic alcohol use can damage ovarian reserve, meaning fewer healthy eggs are available for ovulation. This can be very concerning for women, especially those trying to conceive.

3. Interference with Ovulation

In addition to interfering with follicle growth and egg maturity, chronic alcohol intake can also harm the ovulation process. When an egg completely matures in the follicle, the body releases a hormone called luteinizing hormone or LH.

LH makes the release of eggs from follicles possible and that's how ovulation occurs [4]. Alcohol can harm LH production and release, resulting in complications during ovulation.

Does Alcohol Kill Sperm In Uterus?

When a male partner releases sperm cells in the uterus, these sperm cells need to travel to the fallopian tube where the egg is present [5]. Once a sperm reaches the egg, fertilization and conception can occur.

A study by Antioxidants journal shows that alcohol intake can increase the oxidative stress in the body [6]. Oxidative stress targets and damages sperm cells in the female reproductive tract.

Alcohol intake in males can lead to the formation of unhealthy sperm cells. When a sperm is unhealthy, it may not be able to swim and reach the egg efficiently, lowering the chances of conception.

Does Alcohol Affect Ovulation Tests?

To understand how alcohol can interfere with ovulation tests, you first need to understand what ovulation tests are and how they work.

Ovulation tests determine whether you are ovulating based on the levels of luteinizing hormone or LH. The levels of LH are raised at the time of ovulation. Tracking ovulation is important when you are trying to conceive because intercourse around days of ovulation significantly increases the chances of achieving pregnancy.

Drinking wine during ovulation or drinking after ovulation day may interfere with ovulation test reports because it can disturb the LH levels.

For example, alcohol can cause an increase in LH, which may lead to a false-positive result on an ovulation test, suggesting that ovulation is about to occur even when it isn’t. To improve the accuracy of ovulation tests, it’s best to avoid alcohol around the time you are testing.

Conclusion

One major aspect of the female reproductive system is the production and release of female reproductive cells — eggs. Given these impacts, it's evident that alcohol does affect fertility by disrupting hormonal balance and reproductive functions. Follicles are numerous small sacs inside the ovaries, each containing an immature egg cell.

These follicles grow with the help of FSH and release eggs with the help of LH hormone. Alcohol abuse can negatively impact egg maturation by disturbing the FSH levels. It can also interfere with egg release from follicles at the time of ovulation by lowering LH levels. Hormonal changes in response to alcohol are a major reason why can alcohol affect ovulation test.

If you are trying to conceive and want to keep track of your ovulation days, we recommend you lower your drinking on ovulation day or quit this habit altogether for maximum results. Additionally, incorporating fertility supplements with essential nutrients like folic acid, zinc, and antioxidants may help support hormonal balance and improve reproductive health.

FAQs

1. Does chronic alcohol intake reduce egg quality?

Regular alcohol intake interferes with the process of egg maturation and can cause poor egg health. These changes in egg cells are due to hormonal changes in response to alcohol intake.

2. Can alcohol abuse increase the risk of pregnancy complications?

Alcohol consumption in men can cause damage to the sperm’s DNA. When this sperm fertilizes an egg and results in pregnancy, there is a higher risk of pregnancy complications.

3. How does alcohol affect ovulation test results?

Ovulation tests measure the LH levels in the body, a hormone that rises at the time of ovulation. Since alcohol intake can disturb hormonal levels, it can impact the accuracy and reliability of ovulation test results.

Resources Used

1. Thiyagarajan, D. K., Basit, H., & Jeanmonod, R. (2024b, September 27). Physiology, Menstrual Cycle. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/ 
2. Van Heertum, K., & Rossi, B. (2017). Alcohol and fertility: how much is too much? Fertility Research and Practice, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-017-0037-x 
3. Emanuele, M. A., Wezeman, F., & Emanuele, N. V. (2002). Alcohol’s Effects on Female Reproductive Function. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6676690/ 
4. Holesh, J. E., Bass, A. N., & Lord, M. (2023b, May 1). Physiology, Ovulation. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441996/ 
5. Miller, D. (2018). Review: The epic journey of sperm through the female reproductive tract. Animal, 12, s110–s120. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731118000526 
6. Tsermpini, E. E., Ilješ, A. P., & Dolžan, V. (2022). Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Role of Antioxidants in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants, 11(7), 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071374